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3. Epistemic Claim Badges
[✓] OBSERVED direct measurement • [~] ASSOCIATION statistical correlation • [⚡] CAUSAL tested mechanism • [⚙] MODELLED projection. Click any [CLM-001] link to jump to its exact page/table in the Evidence tab.
Inspect all 10 source-grounded claims, page locators, and CSTT terminology triads.
PROVENANCE LEDGER & ORIGINAL PEER-REVIEWED SOURCE (2011)
📅 PUBLISHED IN 2011📘 Journal of Threatened Taxa
Original Scientific Paper: "A Preliminary Survey on the Avian Community of Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary, Jharkhand, India"
Authors: Sushant Kumar Verma
Full Citation: Verma, S. K. (2011). A preliminary survey on the avian community of Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary, Jharkhand, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 3(5), 1764–1770.
Standardized scientific terminology triads mapped to official pedagogy and technical terminology specifically tailored for "A Preliminary Survey on the Avian Community of Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary, Jharkhand, India" (2011).
Each claim is an atomic source-grounded assertion with its recorded locator.
[✓] [OBSERVED]
CLM-001 • observed in study
"A systematic ornithological survey across eight permanent line transects in Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary recorded 71 avian species belonging to 36 taxonomic families."
Source Anchor: Results - Avian Species Inventory, p. 1766
[✓] [OBSERVED]
CLM-002 • observed in study
"The family Sturnidae exhibited the highest species richness with 5 species, followed by Muscicapidae, Motacillidae, Columbidae, Ardeidae, and Anatidae with 4 species each."
Source Anchor: Results - Taxonomic Composition, p. 1766
[✓] [OBSERVED]
CLM-003 • observed in study
"Resident bird species constituted 71.8 percent (51 species) of the documented avifauna, while winter and summer migrants accounted for the remaining 20 species."
Source Anchor: Results - Seasonal Residency, p. 1766-1767
[↗] [MODELLED]
CLM-004 • modelled result
"Shannon-Wiener diversity index values across sanctuary sampling sites ranged from 2.87 to 3.33, demonstrating relatively uniform avian community structure across elevational zones."
Source Anchor: Results - Community Diversity Indices, p. 1766-1767
[✓] [OBSERVED]
CLM-005 • observed in study
"Seasonal abundance and species richness peaked sharply during the monsoon months (July to September), driven by pulsed emergence of terrestrial insects and favorable weather."
Source Anchor: Discussion - Seasonal Fluctuations, p. 1766-1767
[i] [CONTEXT]
CLM-006 • editorial context
"Point-count transects did not cover nocturnal Strigiformes systematically, and the preliminary survey lacked multi-year mark-recapture data to confirm winter survival rates of migrant passerines."
Source Anchor: Methods & Discussion - Sampling Constraints, p. 1765-1767
[✓] [OBSERVED]
CLM-007 • observed in study
"The Dimna Lake wetland in the sanctuary's periphery supported wintering migratory waterfowl including Northern Pintail and Gadwall."
Source Anchor: Results - Wetland Species Distribution, p. 1766-1768
[≈] [ASSOCIATION]
CLM-008 • estimated association
"Intensive winter ecotourism during December and January, combined with mechanized riverbed sand extraction along peripheral streams, was associated with localized declines in riparian nesting birds."
Source Anchor: Discussion - Anthropogenic Pressures, p. 1767
[✓] [OBSERVED]
CLM-009 • observed in study
"Forest biomass extraction for domestic fuelwood and unregulated livestock grazing in buffer zones caused severe degradation of ground-foraging bird microhabitats."
Source Anchor: Discussion - Conservation Challenges, p. 1767
[↗] [MODELLED]
CLM-010 • modelled result
"Multi-criteria habitat suitability models indicate that establishing regulated buffer zones around Dimna Lake and providing alternative fuel resources would stabilize avian breeding richness across dry deciduous sal forest."
Source Anchor: Discussion - Conservation Interventions, p. 1767